From sparta
Sharpness- natural clarity of physical objects in the frame. If the object in the frame is out of focus, then it looks fuzzy, blurry, i.e. not sharp.
Not all objects in the frame must necessarily be sharp, for example, in portrait photos, the face of a person in the foreground usually looks clear, but the background is blurred, i.e. not sharp. Nevertheless, such a photo is considered "sharp". But if the face turns out to be blurry in the portrait photo, then this photo as a whole is considered not sharp.
The word "natural" in the definition above means that is unnatural and artificially stranded (enhanced software processing chamber algorithm) sharpness. Such excessive sharpening is called "peresharpom", and on a real photo is manifested in the fact that the edges of objects appear contour lines (border) that are not in the actual scene of the eyes. For example in the case of peresharpa, tree branches against the blue sky will have a white border. To see this clearly, usually take a little closer at the photo section of the screen on a larger scale (called to make a "crop"), but in the frames of some smartphones loop "peresharpa" visible and without approximation.
Sharpness and rehashing interrelated concepts: Insufficient sharpness leads to blurring of the object in the photo, and excessive sharpness, to rehash.
Therefore:
The photo should be considered "with good sharpness", when, on the one hand, the object looks clear, and on the other, there are no signs of overshoot.
--------
Detailing- characterizes the number of small parts that can be seen in the frame. In order to "see" small details, a photo is usually required on the screen when viewing a bit closer on a larger scale, to make a "crop". The more small details in the photo at the same time have distinguishable and recognizable outlines, the higher the detail. An example of good detail is the readable number of cars in the background of the photo.
Detailing and sharpness are somewhat different concepts, for example, a photo can have excellent sharpness, and at the same time no detailing, simply because it is elementary for a camera that lacks megapixels for good detail. If we speak conventionally, then on a camera with a 2 megapixel matrix now in 2018, it is simply physically impossible to get a picture with good detail, no matter what the picture is perfectly sharp.
-------
Colour- Accuracy of color transfer of real objects in a photo.
Since in order to assess the conformity of the colors of all the objects in the picture, it is obvious that you need for this to be present in the scene with the photographer to see the color "through his eyes," then discuss the accuracy and color saturation can only be well-recognized object. However, you have a great concept of "color" can evaluate the fading photos in general, or, for example, a lack of red, leaving besides in carrot hue. The concept of "color" can also be characterized by a general loss of color saturation, the photo shoot with the lack of light (sometimes extends to the b / w photos, for example, in some models of apple products). It is also easy to identify unnatural poisonous grass green or violet blue sky.
Just need to say that vsГ« terms of color, it is advisable to look at the hardware-calibrated monitor, and certainly in the same color space. If the monitor with an extended color gamut see photos taken in the sRGB space, instead of those colors that are in this photo is, really, you see, instead of purplish-red oversaturated crimson, instead of green grass - a poisonous acid green. Fortunately the majority of monitors (yet) work in space sRGB, and most cameras shoot it well. This is the main thing.
As for the hardware calibration, on an uncalibrated monitor, for example, the shade of the blue sky may not correspond to what is actually in the photo: instead of the pale blue you will see a light green velvet or care to the violet.
-----
White Balance (BB)- it is not a color! Good BB involves a natural overall color tone of pictures as a whole, the corresponding coverage of the scene, rather than matching the colors of individual objects in the frame. Photos with poor BB may look like as a whole "cyanotic", pink or covered with a green tint. For example, if instead of the expected gray clouds on the familiar to you for the scene (such as 1000 times a shot, and I know how it really looks like), you will see a pink cloud (the Lumia 950 XL overcast rainy day), then it is an obvious reason to doubt the correctness of the BB on that frame. Keep in mind that BB is highly dependent on the specific light scenes. The next stage of the same device gives a perfect BB! It is important to consider.
------
Exposition- everything is simple: the frame may be either overexposed or, on the contrary, too dark if the exposure is selected incorrectly. It is determined by eye immediately and without difficulty.
-----
Dynamic Range (DD)- the ability to distinguish between different parts lordship in bright parts of the image (in the "light"), and at the same time the detail a little different "murkiness" in the dark areas of the picture (in the "shadows"). A striking example of good DD is a window frame, taken day of the depth of the room, which are clearly visible and interior parts, and what is outside the window. On the frame with a bad or DD will be visible interior and the window, and the fact that for him to be overexposed white, or the window will be seen and that the window on the street, and the room will be completely black.
If the device has a bad DD, then the choice of exposure cannot achieve both clearly visible details in the “highlights” and distinguishable details in the “shadows” SIMULTANEOUSLY. Either one or the other. On a device with a good DD this is possible.
Composition- a harmonious combination of frame elements, the basic idea of ​​releasing or semantic component picture. The compositions typically operates normally minimalist when the frame elements do not carry a meaning only clutter and frame are "noise" that violates the integrity perception. Such "noise", for example, are the wires in the photo of the church (God forbid even the foreground or background of the domes). Lay special design the right solution in this example would be the selection of a camera angle when the wires, if not absent in the photo at all, then at least "do not climb into the eyes" clearly. Sometimes, if this is not possible, it is better to abandon this frame, you remove the failed deliberately scene.
However, it should be noted that the presence of wires in the frame itself is not yet “evil” and depends entirely on the idea that the photographer wants to convey to the viewer. For example, if the idea of ​​a photo is a technotronic apocalypse, predicted by Nostradamus as "... And the sky will be covered with cobwebs", then a pole with a million wires and cables to it, shot in the frame with the right angle (not necessarily the central element of the plot), can be very appropriate.
Composition is entirely connected with the subjectivity of the perception of what is seen by a person, which nevertheless has objective laws. Examples of such laws are the arrangement of frame elements according to the rule of two-thirds, the golden section, etc. All this is at the level of the subconscious perception of the frame as "harmonious." Special attention should also be paid to the purely technical aspects of the survey, such as the leveling of the horizon.
It is important to note that the technical capabilities of the apparatus itself influence the choice of the composite solution. For mobile cameras, this primarily refers to the optical zoom capability (not digital, digital zoom is evil). Sometimes it's just impossible to get closer to the subject to get the right solution, and then the zoom helps out. Similarly, about the possibility of portrait mode, and about wide-angle shooting.
In portrait photography in the compositional plan, special attention should be paid to the light, and at the same time the features of the smartphone itself should be taken into account. For example, even with the seemingly exposed to all the canons of the world, when shooting on the latest models of iPhones, you can easily get the light of the yellow spots on the forehead or nose of the model. Such a frame is technically immediately go into the trash.
Also important is the background, even if it is blurred.
The model also needs to be “combed”, and not only literally. Hair can also be slightly disheveled, but from the turn / tilt of the head and the direction of gaze, as well as from sometimes with the careless grace of the overlaid garment, the complete perception of the photo as a compositionally finished picture depends.