Android 1.0 "Apple Pie (early name" Astroboy ")"
Russian name: "Apple Pie"
1.0
The first stable version of the system.
Appeared application store Android Market
Release Date: September 23, 2008 • Linux Kernel Version: 2.6.25 • API Version: 1
Android 1.1 "Banana Bread (early name" Bender ")"
Russian name: "Banana Bread"
1.1
Correction of several problems.
API changes.
Added details and reviews to maps.
Increased screen off period when used in phone mode.
Added buttons "Show" and "Hide" in the call menu.
Added support for saving attachments from MMS.
Added support for labels in layouts [3].
Note: the version was released only for T-Mobile G1 [source not specified 1604 days].
Release date: February 9, 2009 • Linux kernel version: 2.6.25 • API version: 2
Android 1.5 "Cupcake [4]"
Russian name: "Cupcake"
1.5
Ability to install third-party keyboards [5].
New software keyboard with auto-fill and the ability to work at different positions of the screen.
Support for widgets and folders on the desktop.
Video recording and playback in MPEG-4 and 3GP [5].
Support for A2DP and AVRCP Bluetooth profile [5].
The ability to automatically connect to a Bluetooth headset, located at a certain distance.
Update WebKit and Squirrelfish Javascript Engine [5].
The ability to publish photos (Picasa) and videos (YouTube) on the Internet [5].
Added search on a web page and the ability to work with text [5].
Visual changes in the browser.
Change your contact list and call history.
Added tools for maintenance and automatic detection of the file system of the memory card [5].
Animation when switching between windows [5].
Release Date: April 30, 2009 [6] • Linux Kernel Version: 2.6.27 [5] • API Version: 3
Android 1.6 Donut [4]
Russian name: "Donut"
1.6
The design has been changed and work with the Android Market app store has been improved [4].
The interface for working with a photo, video camera and image gallery is integrated, making it easy to switch between photo and video mode, and the gallery has the ability to select multiple objects for deletion at once [7].
Added multi-language voice search function.
An updated search function that allows you to search among bookmarks, history, contacts, as well as on the Internet [7].
Improved speed of search and camera applications.
Added support for CDMA, 802.1x, VPN, as well as speech synthesis function [7].
WVGA resolution support.
Gesture framework and GestureBuilder tool [7] added.
Added free turn-by-turn navigation from Google [7].
Release Date: September 15, 2009 [8] • Linux Kernel Version: 2.6.29 [7] • API Version: 4
Android 2.0 / 2.1 "Eclair [4]"
Russian name: "Eclair"
2.0
Added the ability to use multiple Google accounts.
Updated email client interface for working with multiple accounts.
Added support for Microsoft Exchange Server through Exchange ActiveSync 2.5
Added the ability to quickly access contacts.
Added the ability to search through SMS and MMS messages and automatically delete old messages when the limit is reached.
Camera update: support for flash, digital zoom and effects.
Improved on-screen keyboard layout and dictionary learning mechanism.
New browser user interface and HTML5 support
Updated calendar.
Updating graphics architecture to improve hardware acceleration.
Support Bluetooth 2.1 and OPP and PBAP profile.
Added support for new screen sizes and resolutions.
Changed user interface.
Improved MotionEvent class to support multi-touch [9] [10].
2.0.1
Minor API changes, bug fixes, framework behavioral changes.
2.1
Added “live” wallpaper [11].
Improved background contrast [source not specified 1603 days].
Improved Google Maps 3.1.2 improvements [source not specified 1603 days].
Notes:
The 2.0.1 SDK was released on December 3, 2009 [source not specified 1603 days].
2.1 SDK was released on January 12, 2010 [source not specified 1603 days].
Release Date: October 27, 2009 (2.0), January 12, 2010 (2.1) [12] • Linux kernel version: 2.6) [source not specified 1603 days] • API version: 5, 6, 7
2010
Android 2.2 "Froyo [13]"
Russian name: "Frozen Yogurt"
2.2
General optimization of Android OS, memory and performance [14]
Additional speed improvements for applications using JIT compilation [15]
Integration into the browser JavaScript-engine V8, previously implemented in Chrome [16]
Improved support for Microsoft Exchange (security policies, automatic recognition, viewing GAL, calendar synchronization, remote work)
Improved application launch through phone and browser shortcuts
Added USB tethering and Wi-Fi functionality.
Added the ability to block access to data via cellular communication.
Updated application for working with Android Market, which added the ability to group and automatic updates [14]
Quickly switch between multiple keyboard layouts and their corresponding dictionaries
Bluetooth voice dialing and sharing
Support for numeric and character-numeric passwords
Browser fields support for downloading files [17]
Support for installing applications in extended memory
Support for Adobe Flash 10.2 [18]
Support for ultra-high resolution (320 dpi) screens, such as a 4-inch screen with 720p resolution [19]
OpenGL ES 2.0 support
2.2.1
Fixes some bugs, includes security and performance updates.
2.2.2
Fixed minor bugs, including problems with SMS on the Nexus One.
2.2.3
Security update.
Release Date: May 20, 2010 [13] • Linux Kernel Version: 2.6.32 [16] • API Version: 8
Android 2.3.x “Gingerbread [20]”
Russian name: "Gingerbread"
2.3
Updated UI Design
Support for super-large screen sizes and resolutions (WXGA and higher) [19]
Native support for SIP VoIP telephony
Support for playing WebM / VP8 video formats, as well as support for AAC audio standard
New sound effects: reverb, equalizer, headphone virtualization, bass boost
Near Field Communication standard support
System support for copy and paste
Redesigned multi-touch software keyboard
Improved support for embedded code development
Improvements for game developers in the field of audio, graphics and information input
Parallel garbage collection to improve performance
Built-in support for more sensors (for example, gyros and barometers)
Download Manager for long downloads
Improved power management and application control
Built-in multi-camera support
Migrating from YAFFS to ext4 [21] [22]
2.3.1
Bugs fixed
2.3.2
SMS / MMS bugs fixed.
2.3.3
Some improvements and APIs for the Android 2.3 platform [23]
2.3.4
Video and voice chat for Google Talk [24]
2.3.5
Network stack performance improvements for the Nexus S 4G, other changes and improvements
Bluetooth bug fixed on Samsung Galaxy S
Improved Gmail app
Fixed problem with time zones (GMT + 3 and GMT + 4)
2.3.6
Fixed voice search bug
2.3.7
Added support for Google Wallet payment system for Nexus S 4G
Release Date: December 6, 2010 [20] • Linux Kernel Version: 2.6.35 [21] • API Version: 9, 10 2011
Android 3.x "Honeycomb [1] [25]"
Russian name: "Honeycomb"
3.0
Multi-core processor support
Improved tablet support with new user interface
Three-dimensional desktop with rewritten widgets
Improved multitasking
Browser improvements, including bookmarks for open web pages, auto-completion of forms, synchronization of links with Google Chrome, private browsing mode
Video chat support using Google Talk [25]
Hardware acceleration support
3.0.1
???
3.1
The list of recently launched applications has been expanded.
Resizable Desktop Widgets
Support for external keyboards, mice, joysticks / gamepads
Native playback of audio files in FLAC format
HTTP proxy support for each connected WiFi point
3.2
Optimizations made to support a wider range of tablets.
Added a special mode of scaling applications with a fixed size
Expanded Screen Support API for Developers
Easy access of applications to files on the SD card, for example for synchronization
3.2.1
Minor fixes for security and stability, improvements in Wi-Fi
Update for Android Market with automatic updates and easy-to-read text of the Terms and Conditions
Google Books update
Improved support for Adobe Flash in the browser
Improved predictive input in Chinese
3.2.2
Minor improvements and fixes for 4G Motorola Xoom [26].
Release Date: February 22, 2011 [27] • Linux Kernel Version: 2.6.36 [28] • API Version: 11, 12, 13
Android 4.0 "Ice Cream Sandwich [29]"
Russian name: "Wafer ice cream (English) Russian."
Ice Cream Sandwich was announced on May 10, 2011 at the Google I / O 2011 conference [30] and was presented on October 19, 2011 with the Galaxy Nexus smartphone [31]. Among the declared features:
4.0.1
Using a single shell for tablets, smartphones and other devices based on Android OS [32] [33] [34]
Open Accessory API - API for integration with a variety of equipment
Support Real-time Transport Protocol API for audio [30]
Improved multitasking
Change the notification panel
Modified lock panel with shortcuts for quick launch of the camera, access to phone functions (calls), access to text messages and email menus
Improved text input and spell checking [35]
Improved voice dictation mode [35]
Internet traffic control system
Software enhancement of the camera: the introduction of the mode of panoramic shooting, software image stabilization, real-time effects during video shooting
Support for taking screenshots (screen capture) using the operating system [31]
The updated browser with support for tabs, synchronization of bookmarks Google Chrome. Also updated WebKit core and V8 engine with Crankshaft support
Advanced security features: unlocking the device through face recognition of the owner [31], full encryption of the device, ASLR [35], the new VPN API.
Wi-Fi Direct Support [35]
4.0.2
Bug fixes for Galaxy Nexus
4.0.3
Optimize and fix bugs for smartphones and tablets.
4.0.4
Improved camera performance, increased stability, smoother screen rotation and some fixes [36].
Release Date: October 19, 2011 [30] • Linux Kernel Version: 3.0 • API Version: 14, 15 2012
Android 4.1 / 4.2 / 4.3 "Jelly Bean [37]"
Russian name: "Jelly candy"
June 27, 2012 on Google I / O, Google introduced the next version of Android 4.1 Jelly Bean along with the Nexus 7 tablet. The changes mainly affected the smooth operation of the interface. The new update brought improvements in performance - the central and graphic processors work in parallel. Thanks to this, on some devices Android 4.1 will work at a frequency of 60 frames per second [38].
On October 29, 2012, together with the Nexus 10 tablet and the LG Nexus 4 smartphone, the Android 4.2 Jelly Bean operating system was officially introduced [39].
On July 25, 2013, the Android 4.3 Jelly Bean operating system was officially announced with a small number of changes [40].
4.1.1
Updated interface, using Project Butter technology for a smoother UI. The technology includes triple buffering of the graphics pipeline to achieve no jumps in the frame rate during interface animation, as well as vertical synchronization technology.
Automatically scaling the widget and changing the location of the rest of the content if it does not fit on the desktop.
Update virtual keyboard, received predictive input system and advanced dictionary. Support for new languages.
The possibility of voice input offline, without using an Internet connection.
Blind or visually impaired people will be able to connect a Braille input device to a smartphone or tablet on Android 4.1.
More informative notification bar.
An updated search, thanks to which, in the manner of a voice assistant, you can get answers to asked voice questions.
Added Google Now service. It will provide the user with useful information, based on the calendar, the history of search queries and routes of the phone.
Contact photos are now stored and displayed in high quality.
Improved Camera application adds some features.
The new interface for tablets, the classic interface of Android 3.0-4.0.4 is available through editing Build.Prop, changing the DPI to a value below 140.
4.1.2
Bugs fixed and performance improved.
Increasing and decreasing the size of notifications in the panel are now performed with one finger.
Added landscape desktop mode in Nexus 7.
4.2[41]
One of the main innovations in Android 4.2 has been the support of profiles, now several accounts can be used on one device, each with its own settings, programs and personal information.
The keyboard now supports gestures for input like the popular Swype. To enter words, you can now drag your finger on the keyboard by selecting the necessary letters, and the built-in dictionary will try to provide the necessary options. In general, according to Google, in Android 4.2 dictionaries have become more accurate and complete.
The Camera application has a new shooting mode called Photo Sphere, it allows you to create 360-degree panoramas and publish them on Google+ or Google Maps, thus creating your own Street View version.
There is support for wireless transmission of video and games to compatible TVs using Miracast technology.
The notification panel now has access to the quick settings menu.
A new Daydream standby mode has appeared, when the device is connected to the docking station or is in sleep mode, it can display various useful information, news, weather, or just photos from the album.
Google Now has also received a slight improvement, it can now scan Gmail to find various relevant content, such as plane tickets or meeting invitations, and create reminder cards.
Now you can place widgets on the lock screen.
Updated camera interface.
Upgrading the Linux kernel to branch 3.4.
Removed the classic tablet interface used in 3.0-4.0.4.
4.2.1
The error of the missing month (December) in the Contacts application has been fixed.
Improved vibration performance with notifications.
It became possible to connect gamepads and joysticks to the HID device via Bluetooth [42].
4.2.2
Some security enhancements, bug fixes.
In the curtain of the notification center when downloading, not only the filling progress bar is displayed, but also the percentages and download time.
Shortcuts for quick activation of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth in the switch panel received an additional option: now a long press of the icon immediately turns on the wireless module, and a single click sends the user to the settings.
There are new sounds: when you connect the device to the wireless charging station, a new signal alerts the critical battery level.
Fixed errors in the transmission of sound via Bluetooth.
Improved ADB security.
2013
4.3
Keep and Hangouts will now be included in the firmware and Google Apps by default.
A recently found bug called MasterKey is fixed.
Smart or Bluetooth 4.0 LowEnergy is included in the new firmware, which increases the energy efficiency of the device when using this protocol.
The notification area now shows all running applications, even in the background. Disable the display of the icon in the panel can be in the settings.
In the settings, you can set the permanent operation of Wi-Fi for improved geo-positioning.
AVRCP 1.3, available in conjunction with Bluetooth Smart, allows you to use Bluetooth to combine two devices and use them as control devices.
A new camera and gallery is available.
The system now supports OpenGL ES 3.0.
There was a hidden setting of individual permissions for applications.
4.3.1
Eliminating small errors and improving the stability of the system and its performance. Only for Nexus 7 (2013) LTE.
Release date: June 27, 2012 (4.1), October 29, 2012 (4.2), July 24, 2013 (4.3) • Linux kernel version: 3.0.8—3.4 (4.2.1+) • API version: 16, 17, 18
Android 4.4 "KitKat"
Russian name: "KitKat"
October 31, 2013, Google introduced the next version of Android Kitkat. The changes affected the interface. Android has also been optimized to run on budget smartphones with 512 MB of RAM.
Simultaneously with the new version of Android, Google also introduced the Google Nexus 5 smartphone. Version innovations:
4.4
Constantly active voice assistant. You do not need to touch the screen, you just have to say “Ok Google”, then you can give a command or dictate what you need to find.
Display covers and control buttons on the lock screen when playing music or showing movies via Chromecast.
Navigation buttons and notification bar automatically hidden
Faster task switching and optimized memory allocation.
Priority in the phone book. The contacts with which the user communicates most often are shown at the top of the list. Right in the Contacts application you can search for people, places on the map and organization.
Smart number identifier. If the number is not found in the "Contacts", the phone will try to determine according to Google Maps which organization they are calling from.
Communication Center. The Hangouts application allows you to chat, make and receive video calls, send and receive SMS and MMS messages and share GIF animations.
Japanese emoticons. In the standard keyboard added colorful miniature pictures Emoji.
Cloud printers support. Photos, documents and web pages can be printed on printers connected to the Google Cloud Print service, and on other printers that support printing through mobile applications.
Quick save files to the cloud. Some applications (for example, the updated QuickOffice) support the instant sending of files to Google Drive.
Support Message Access Profile in cars equipped with Bluetooth modules.
Chromecast support.
Launching web apps via Chrome.
Displays movie subtitles in a standard video player.
Built-in service "Remote Control Android".
Updated file loader design with sorting and customization of the display of downloaded files: list or thumbnails.
Switch between installed launchers through system settings.
Updated email application with folders, account photos and improved navigation.
Support for applications that use infrared.
Access to location settings via the icon in “Quick Settings”.
Setting the method of determining the location: exact or with less battery consumption. In the system settings, you can see which applications are trying to determine the location.
Running applications in the Security-Enhanced Linux sandbox.
Support pedometers.
Making NFC payments through Google Wallet and other payment systems. Statistics are stored in the cloud or device memory.
Android Runtime Experimental Compiler (ART) [43]
Immersive mode that automatically hides unnecessary data on the device screen while playing, reading or watching a video.
4.4.1
Elimination of small errors.
4.4.2[44]
Improved camera Nexus 5, reducing the lag of the shutter, more precise focus and better white balance. Also includes fixing some bugs and improving performance. Nexus 7 2012 added “Wireless Monitor” Settings - Display.
4.4.3
Improved dialer interface and Contacts application
Various fixes and improvements
4.4.4[45]
The security bug related to OpenSSL has been fixed.
Release date: October 31, 2013 (4.4), December 5, 2013 (4.4.1), December 9, 2013 (4.4.2), June 2, 2014 (4.4.3), June 20, 2014 (4.4.4) • Linux kernel version: 3.4 • API version: 19
Android 5.0 / 5.1 "Lollipop"
Russian name: "Candy"
5.0
Main article: Android Lollipop
"Material design" - a new component of the user interface, which is based on simplicity, brightness, clarity and functionality.
There was a Project Volta, thanks to which the operating system accesses the processor not by single requests, but by data packets, thereby saving charge, with the result that the Nexus 5 can work 1.5 hours longer.
Notifications on the lock screen. To open one of the notifications, double click on it
Now, instead of the compiler Dalvik used compiler ART.
Ambient display is a function in which when you take a Nexus 6 or Nexus 9 in your hands, the display immediately turns on showing important notifications.
Smart lock.
Added a flashlight to the quick settings menu.
Reworked auto-adjust screen brightness.
In the menu "About phone" the opportunity to leave feedback about the device. (Nexus)
Now you can start the camera and "dialers" from the lock screen.
Full user manager.
You can configure application alerts by turning them off, even if there is no such option in the program itself.
New interface to change running applications.
5.0.1
Bugs fixed
5.0.2
Bugs fixed
5.1
Bugs fixed
Improved system stability
Improved shutter, intuitive interface for quick selection of Wi-Fi and Bluetooth networks.
Support for working with two SIM-cards (previously, manufacturers had to implement this function on their own), for each SIM-card you can create your profile with a certain color, which will color the color of the standard "dialer" for quick recognition of the used SIM-card.
HD Voice support (provided that the technology is supported by the operator and the hardware of the smartphone)
The new protection system of the smartphone and the Device Protection system (Device Protection blocks the smartphone or tablet in case of theft or loss, making it virtually useless until the current owner passes the Google account verification and removes the software lock).
A new gesture for "polite notifications", having brushed the notification upwards, a reminder of the missed event will remain.
5.1.1
Fixed a leak with memory
Added Google's built-in VPN service for greater security when connecting to open Wi-Fi networks (Nexus only)
Release date: November 3, 2014 (5.0), December 3, 2014 (5.0.1), December 20, 2014 (5.0.2), March 9, 2015 (5.1), March 21, 2015 (5.1.1) • Version Linux kernels: 3.10 • API version: 21, 22
Android 6.0 "Marshmallow"
Russian name: "Marshmallow"
6.0
Main article: Android Marshmallow
Google has announced a new version of its mobile operating system. Google introduced Vice-President Sundar Pichai at the conference for Google I / O developers.
Among the main functions of the release is the Android Pay mobile payment system and standardized verification using fingerprints at the platform level. For devices equipped with a fingerprint scanner, gadget unlocking and shopping authorization on Google Play will be available, and developers can embed the corresponding API in any Android applications.
Google also paid a lot of attention to saving battery power - it is in this area that Android devices are often criticized. The Doze function works due to the motion sensor: when the device is at rest for a long time, the "deep sleep" mode is activated, the application activity in the background mode is severely limited, which saves battery power.
Google also promised users more control over how applications use their data — requests for working with information will not be sent at the time of installation, but directly during the use of the application.
The new feature Chrome custom tabs is designed to make more convenient the consumption of web content on mobile. In total, Android M will be about 100 new features, said Google Vice President David Burke.
Release date: May 28, 2015 • Linux kernel version: • API version: 23