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Features of working with files and programs
In the iOS operating system, the concept of a file system is hidden for the user and interaction with files is carried out by the means of the application itself and only with files located in the application directory. You can import a file into the application directory in several ways — using iTunes File Sharing or registering File Types for the application. When using iTunes File Sharing, the application will be displayed in iTunes in the Shared Files section, where you can add files to the application from your computer. Files added in this way fall into the / Documents directory of the application. Shared filesThe application should automatically monitor this directory for new files. You also need to keep in mind that iTunes File Sharing actually opens up direct access to documents for the user, which means that files in this directory can be renamed, deleted, etc. at any time. When you register File Types, the application will appear in the selection list for opening the file, when you click on the standard “open with” dialog box. When you open a file in this way, its copy is placed in the / Documents / Inbox directory, and the application method is called: openURL: sourceApplication: annotation: of the UIApplicationDelegate protocol, in which the url of the file being opened is transmitted. Files in the / Documents / Inbox directory can be read and deleted, but cannot be changed. To change the file, you must transfer it to another directory, for example, in / Documents. To export files from the application, use the same “open with” dialog box that initializes the UIDocumentInteractionController. It is possible to immediately open a list of applications to open a file, open a list of applications to open a file along with standard services, such as printing a file, sending by mail, etc. It is also possible to open the file with the built-in previewer, from where a button is also available to open the file with another application. SynchronizationIn addition to file sharing between applications and with a computer using File Sharing, one of the main ways to exchange data between a PC and an iOS device is synchronization. The very concept of synchronization is that a smartphone or tablet is not some kind of “flash drive” for transferring data, but part of the ecosystem (along with the PC) is because the data stored on the PC (or the user part of its file system) must be stored on the device . When you add a file to the folder with which synchronization occurs, this file will also be added to iOS, if you delete any item from the folder, it will be deleted on the portable device. Thus, the user can process the same information on the PC and on the iOS device, working with them as with two full-fledged parts of the ecosystem. The main synchronization tools are iTunes and iCloud. Contacts, notes, calendars, photos can be synchronized via iCloud, music, video, podcasts, TV shows and other media can be synced via iTunes. However, using iTunes, you can also sync what is synced via iCloud, but the same data cannot be synced with iTunes and with iCloud. This is done in order to avoid duplication of information. Synchronization can occur both via Wi-Fi and USB.
Desktop. Widgets
DesktopThe desktop in iOS, unlike that in Android, contains only application icons. Icons can be sorted by folders or by desktops. To change the desktop background (it can be static or dynamic), go to Settings The most important applications, as in Android, are placed in the Dock and visible on all desktops. In addition to application icons, icons of frequently visited sites can also be placed on the desktop (to do this, in Safari while viewing the site, click "Share" ->On the "Home" screen. WidgetsWidgets, unlike Android, are in the Notification Center. They live in the first tab of the Notification Center, right under the module with information about the day of the week and date. Each is equipped with a plate with the name of the application and an icon, but the occupied screen space, appearance and functionality are different. Widgets can display any static information, be supplied with buttons and clickable areas, their information is updated in real time. But there is no scrolling, so they are not suitable for displaying long texts or extensive lists. Turning on widgets and setting their display order is done via the menu behind the “Change” button in the Notification Center. It is very Apple-style - extremely ascetic, so that all settings (if any) are made through the menu of the application associated with the widget.
Status bar. Work with notifications.
Unlike Android, the status bar in iOS does not show notifications of applications and systems, but allows you to track the activity of certain processes. The meaning of the icons can be found here: https: //manuals.info.a...one_user_guide_rs.pdf. NotificationsNotifications in iOS come in several types: - Notifications on the locked screen.
- Notifications in the Notification Center.
- Notifications in the form of banners (appear during work.
- Notifications in the form of icons on the application icon.
Notifications on the locked screenNotifications on the locked screen can be enabled / disabled here:Settings ->Notifications ->Application Name ->On a locked screen. On the locked notification screen, you can do the following: - Delete (swipe from the screen edge to the right).
- Reply (with the support of this feature).
- Read after unlocking (swipe to unlock by notification).
Notifications in the Notification Center To enable / disable this feature, go toSettings ->Notifications ->Application Name ->In the Notification Center. Here you can determine the number of objects in the CU.Unlike Android, notifications are grouped relative to the application that hosted them. The number of data groups can be adjusted. In the CO, you can perform the following operations with notifications: - Remove notification.
- Go to notification.
- Delete group.
- Reply.
Banner notifications To disable / enable / configure go toSettings ->Notifications ->Application Name.
Banners are of two types - mandatory to answer (appear in the center of the screen and do not disappear before the choice of options) and optional (appear at the top of the screen and disappear after a while. By notifications in the form of banners on top you can only go or hide Alert options (mandatory notification response) are configured by the application developer. Notifications in the form of icons on icons To enable / disable go to Settings ->Notifications ->Application Name ->Sticker on badge. Such notifications show only the number of notifications and have no settings. Push notifications Enable / disable Push here:Settings ->Notifications ->Application Name ->On a locked screen.When you lock the screen to sleep in iOS, Wi-Fi also goes. However, Push notifications are “pushed” by the server to the device, so they may appear on the locked screen. The application asks for permission to send push notifications when you first open it. Detailed information on push notifications for developers can be found here: http://habrahabr.ru/post/156811/.
Jailbreak
What is jailbreak Jailbreak - getting full access to the file system of iOS devices. iOS, which runs the iPhone, iPod touch, iPad and Apple TV, is not in vain considered to be one of the safest operating systems. IOS security is achieved by being closed: programs can only be installed from one source (the App Store), installed applications are allowed to work only with files in their own folders, and the user is unable to edit any important system files. The jailbreak, which literally translates from English as "jailbreak", allows you to bypass all the limitations of Apple and allow access to any files inside your iPhone, iPod touch, iPad or Apple TV. Tethered and Unbound Jailbreak There are two types of jailbreak: tethered and unbound. The first will only work until the first reboot or shutdown of the device. A device with Jailbreak is loaded with special programs installed on a computer (for example, redsn0w). The second one works regardless of reboots. Accordingly, most often, the first type of Jailbreak comes out before the second. What are the benefits of jailbreak First, the jailbreak gives you the opportunity to install programs not from the App Store. Over the years, there were various sources of third-party applications for the iPhone, iPod touch and iPad - Installer, Rock Your Phone, Icy, but for quite a long time the main (and in fact the only) alternative application store is Cydia - a project by Jay Freeman (aka Saurik). Cydia has thousands of third-party programs, add-ons and tweaks, most of which are free. Cydia hosts programs that do not fall into the App Store due to Apple’s strict limitations, for example: Secondly, jailbreak allows you to do self-tuning iOS for your own needs. For example, you can turn off background processes to significantly extend the battery life of a gadget, or add dictionaries to iOS to quickly translate words in Safari, iBooks and other programs. Opportunities for additional settings iOS - weight. Thirdly, the jailbreak offers great opportunities to change the interface of iOS. With the help of the Winterboard theme manager, you can choose a completely different style for the system interface - from replacing the dock to completely modifying all system icons, switches and screens Fourth, although you don’t really want to write about it, the jailbreak provides the ability to install pirated applications on iPhone, iPod touch and iPad. It is enough to replace a number of iOS system files, and the code signature check is disabled, which allows you to install applications that were not purchased in the App Store. Alas, in the minds of many users jailbreak is associated with piracy, although the jailbreak procedure itself does not mean hacking applications. What is dangerous Jailbreak First, jailbreaking significantly increases the risk of iOS crashing. Since the user has access to all system files, their rash modification may result in the gadget not loading, resulting in the need to restore the firmware. Secondly, jailbreak is associated with the security risks of your data. Although so far there are no viruses for iOS that infect jailbroken iPhones, iPod touchs and iPads, spoiling them or stealing users' personal information, it’s impossible to rule out their appearance. Thirdly, the jailbreak formally invalidates the warranty on the iOS device. If you take it to a service center and find there that the gadget has been jailbroken, you will be denied service. Fortunately, restoring the firmware completely erases all traces of the jailbreak.
Multitasking
Multitasking in iOS is significantly different from that in Android and Windows. Among users of iOS devices, there are many erroneous judgments about how all the same multitasking works in iOS and what exactly happens with applications after they are closed. Some people mistakenly believe that all applications displayed in the multitasking panel, which appears when you double-click the Home button, are running, slow down the device, use memory and eat battery power - therefore, users think that application data must be closed manually. Please be advised that recently launched programs are displayed in this panel, not running. iOS is designed so that the user never has to manage system and background tasks. When you press the Home button in almost all cases, except for a few, which we will discuss later, the application closes, freeing up memory and system resources. Five states of the application in iOS iOS applications can be in one of five states, namely: - Unplayed : The application has been closed or has not been launched yet.
- Inactive : The application is open, but does not receive incoming commands (for example, the user has blocked the device, leaving the application open).
- Active : Normal state of the application currently in use.
- Background : The application is no longer on the screen, but it still performs some processes.
- Delayed : The application is in memory, but does not execute processes.
The Active and Inactive states are intuitive, but what happens to the active application when you press the Home button, and in what other states the rest of the applications are not clearly understood. So, when you click "Home", the application from Active goes to Background mode, then, usually in a matter of seconds, applications from Background switch to Delayed mode, i.e. stored in memory in expanded form, while not using resources. This is done to ensure that their subsequent launch takes place more quickly. applications At the same time, when you start a resource-demanding (especially memory-based) application, iOS will independently begin to transfer Deferred applications to the Unlocked mode, thus freeing up the necessary memory. It is not necessary to close Delayed Applications manually and never has been. Confusion arises just in connection with the multitasking panel on which some icons are displayed. So, these icons have nothing to do with the application states described above. They simply display the applications recently launched by the user, to facilitate subsequent access to them. Background tasks Take an application that downloads large amounts of data from the network, for example, Instacast is a program for listening to audio podcasts. When Instacast is active, the program starts downloading podcasts. If you press the Home button, the application will be given 5 seconds to complete the tasks in the Background mode, after which it will be transferred to the Delayed mode. This will interrupt the podcast download, which takes much longer. But applications like Instacast are allowed to linger in the Background mode a little longer. The application states iOS that it performs a specific task assigned by the user, and receives additional time for background work - about 10 additional minutes. Unlimited work in the background So, all iOS apps get about 5 seconds to work in the background to “clean up tails”, and some programs take an extra 10 minutes to complete some longer task. True, there are some applications with which iOS allows it to be constantly in the Background state. Application data can be divided into five basic types: - Playing audio : Applications that play an audio stream in the background, for example the same Instacast that plays an audio podcast.
- GPS location tracking : Navigation and other applications that track the location of the device in real time and provide the user with various data can also work in the Background mode for an unlimited time.
- Monitoring VoIP Connections : Applications like Skype and Viber, which track incoming calls through VoIP networks, also work in iOS all the time.
- Kiosk Applications : All downloads of the "Kiosk" are in the background and do not stop.
- Accessory Applications : All applications that receive incoming data from various accessories connected to an iOS device do not stop their work while the device is connected.
When the above applications finish the task, they also go into the Deferred mode. Many iOS system applications, such as the Mail application, also work. The application running in the Background mode can perform functions on a par with Active, namely, the Instacast operating in the Background mode can also download new episodes of podcasts. Of course, all background applications occupy memory, consume resources and consume battery. What has changed in iOS 7 In iOS 7, the programs received new tools for background work after forced completion: updates in the background and remote notifications. They are focused primarily on the actualization of these applications from the network, and not at all on the performance of long resource-intensive tasks. So the time limit for the general rule is 30 seconds. Using "updates in the background", the application informs the system about the desired network access interval, for example, 30-40 minutes, and iOS awakens the program during this period. Such a mechanism is primarily necessary for news software. “Remote notifications” enable Push notifications to wake up the program and allow you to quickly update the data. For example, inform the user about the release of a new podcast release. In addition to the useful opportunity to provide the user with always up-to-date information, iOS 7 received an intelligent system for evaluating background activity. It is able to track the frequency of calls to certain applications and update their data in advance (for example, knowing that you read news in Newsify every day at 8 am, iOS at 7:30 AM will stay the program and give it the opportunity to download new information). In addition, iOS analyzes application requests for updates and selects the optimal time for their execution. As a result, one request goes to the network, and a few at a short interval. For you as a user, the difference is not noticeable, and the battery consumption is less. Conclusion So, let's summarize the above and make a small summary: - If you are told that applications whose icons are displayed in the multitasking panel are running and using memory, as well as system resources, they are not right.
- When you click on the "Home" button, the application goes from Active to Background, and then to Deferred state, in which it no longer consumes processor power and battery power.
- The application may request additional time to work in the Background mode to perform a specific task, after which it will still go to the Deferred state.
- In case of a shortage of memory, iOS automatically translates the Deferred applications to Unlocked, i.e. just closes them.
- Five groups of applications (audio, GPS, VoIP, Kiosk and accessories) can run in Background mode for an infinitely long time. Some system applications do the same, such as Mail.
Work with peripherals
In iOS devices, peripherals connect via interfaces: Let us consider in more detail the use of each of them: USB In order to reduce power consumption, iOS devices did not provide OTG functionality. However, with the help of a specially designed Camera Connection Kit, you can connect flash drives, SD cards or video cameras / cameras from which you can extract the media content to the device. Some of the functionality of the Camera Connection Kit is available only with Jailbreak. You can find all the information about this accessory here - Camera Connection Kit. Instructions for use. It is impossible to connect peripherals to an iOS device that requires a large amount of power (printers, webcams, modems, and so on). Bluetouth Full instructions on Bluetouth can be read on the Apple website -https://support.apple.com/ru-ru/ht1664 . - You can connect such peripherals via Bluetouth:
- Keyboard.
- Gamepads specifically made for iOS devices.
- Portable speakers.
- Some wearable devices (smart watches, fitness bracelets and so on)
- Some mice (jailbreak, tweakBTstack ).
Wi-Fi Wi-Fi is used to control AirPlay and AirPrint peripherals. Airprint - technology to control the printer via Wi-Fi. The printer connects to a shared Wi-Fi network through a computer (you need to configure it as shared), then you can use it from an iPhone or iPad. The list of supported printers can be viewed here - https://support.apple.com/ru-ru/HT201311 . In addition, you can connect and unsupported shared printers. For this, the following programs are used: Airplay - technology to transfer data from the display iOS-device. Supports Apple TV (for data transmission to the TV). In addition, there are programs that allow you to transfer an image from Apple TV (see Video Capture on iPhone, iPad, iPod Touch ). It is also possible to connect a TV without an Apple TV set-top box (using an HDMI cable, VGA or composite cable).
Performance
Read about iOS accelerationIOS Optimization . The performance of an iOS device depends heavily on the version and model of iOS. Usually noticeable inhibitions begin with the oldest model, updated to the current OS version (iOS 7 on iPhone 4, iOS 8 on iPhone 4S, etc.). Here are the test results of the speed of opening some applications. iPhone 4 iPhone 4S & iPad 2 On other devices, iOS usually works fairly quickly. One of the main problems of iOS devices is the lack of RAM, and, as a result, departures of applications and tabs in the browser (this problem is solved in iPad Air 2). “Departures” refers to switching applications to multitasking during use in inactive mode, and not stopping work during use. Departures usually occur after using 2-3 medium load applications (App Store, Pages, etc.) or when using one or two heavy applications (Photoshop, heavy games, etc.). Departures also depend on the time of use and the number of tabs in the browser.
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Post has been editedmfilonen2 - 01.06.15, 16:33 |
IOS features compared to Android 
12.03.15, 22:29
