All these tweaks can show anything. Battery capacity they determine indirectly the voltage and discharge current, counting them on a special algorithm or by selecting from a table of standard values. What algorithms and values ​​are used - it is known only to the developer and not the fact that everything is correct.
Batteries to the article, are not charged to 100% capacity and did not discharged to zero. It is harmful, reduces the service life. Please do not confuse the charge up to 100% power capacity and "full" charge, well, with the rank similarly.
Typically, the battery controller has - a microchip with a set of electronics for measuring current and voltage and a control program (or a separately arranged). It is he who controls the flow of energy. When the voltage in the power supply circuit falls below a certain (predetermined) value, the controller gives a signal to the operating system to issue a low battery warning to the user. On the screen you can see anything - zero percent, one, five (as programmed, again). Zero percent charge indicator does not mean that the battery current is ended, a signal to the user. Electrical is constructed with a stock for two reasons:
- foolproof: zero - Come on, goodbye;
- from the overdischarge protection: as I said, it's bad for the battery, plus the residual current circuit supplies power to critical devices (eg, hours). In addition, from the battery powered controller, which is why discharged into the trash iPhones often can not boot, even when connected to the charge: the controller can not turn on the charging process, because he is not receiving power - the battery is no energy. And so it appeared - to include the charging process. Vicious circle.
Concluded: zero the display - it's not a real zero in the battery. Always remains a certain amount of energy.
Now about charging. There are several options for charging (charge current, charge voltage - google if interested), they differ in the speed and the highest attainable level of charge. Typically, the controller charges (oh, I'm tired of this word, but do not have a synonym ...) the battery on a specially written program, and this process is uneven: about 3/4 the battery is charged quickly, and the rest is typed slowly. Upon reaching a predetermined voltage controller stops the supply of energy in the battery: the indicator have 100%. But this is - not the maximum possible charge. Why? Because a further charge requires a lot of time and heats the battery. Those. it is simply ineffective and can damage equipment.
Again conclude that 100% on the display - it is not 100% in battery, and a little less.