- the style of using the Russian language that spread in RuNet at the beginning of the XXI century with phonetically almost correct, but deliberately incorrect spelling of words (so-called errative), frequent use of profanity and certain cliches characteristic of slang (although habits are so strong that ", Without noticing it, correctly bowed the words - Zacheg, Zacheg ... - and as a result, phonetic fidelity is lost in many cases). Most often used when writing comments to texts in blogs, chat rooms and web forums. Slang spawned many stereotypical expressions and Internet memes, in particular, they associate the melody "preved" with it. Wikipedia
Remindin our forum"Olbansky" tongue is prohibited . The official language of the forum is Russian .

The kernel is part of the operating system, and it is not only Android, but also other operating systems: Windows, iOS, MacOS, and others. But we will be interested in the Android kernel, and what I will try to explain at the level of novice users.
The Android kernel is the most important part of the operating system, which is responsible for the interaction between the hardware and software part of the device. The kernel consists of a set of drivers for all the hardware present in the device, and a subsystem for managing memory, network, security, and other basic functions of the operating system.
The kernel manages absolutely all the equipment: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, memory and other devices. There is no exception and processor. The kernel can control its frequency and power supply.
The stock core is optimized by the manufacturer for a particular device, but it usually blocks such important core functions as, for example, CPU frequency control. And if you need to overclock the processor of your device, you will need to change the kernel to a custom one, in which the frequency control function of the processor is unlocked.

Here is a sample list of features that custom kernels give us:

Changing the frequency of the processor over a wide range;
Overclocking graphics subsystem (GPU);
Reducing the frequency and voltage of the processor, which allows for a longer battery life;
More recent and high-quality drivers, such as accelerating the work of the GPS or adding new features;
Ample opportunities for setting and configuration of sound and color screen;
Support for alternative file systems (XFS, ReiserFS, and others).Info taken from 4Tablet-PC.

“Firmware is the contents of the non-volatile memory of a computer or any digital computing device — a calculator, a cell phone, a GPS navigator, etc., which contains its firmware.
The word "firmware" is sometimes called the imageROM designed to write to the memory of the corresponding device in order to update its firmware, as well as the actual process of recording this image in the non-volatile memory of the device.
The memory is flashed when the device is manufactured in various ways - for example, by installing a memory chip with recorded contents (“stitched”).
Most devices allow the replacement of the contents of memory ("flashing"). Methods of "flashing" can be very different - from the physical replacement of the memory chip to transfer data over wireless channels.Wikipedia
Smartphones - These are essentially high-tech computers with their own operating system and allow you to expand your functionality by installing additional and third-party software. So, the more difficult the smartphones are becoming, the more potential locations of the errors of the operating system serving the smartphone and its hardware filling - especially in the new model of this or that apparatus. The new version of the firmware for the smartphone, as a rule, corrects the error detected at the time of its output, and besides, it optimizes the operation of the already existing software and hardware parts of the smartphone (for example, the camera starts to shoot better, the operational memory leaks disappear, sometimes an additional functionality appears and t. P.). Therefore, when the developer produces a new firmware, it is almost always worth updating it in its device.

preloader (~ 0.25 MB.) - preloader. It connects the phone with FlashTool in "USB mode" for firmware, and also ensures the launch of the device. Presumably loads uboot into RAM and transfers control to it.
dsp_bl (~ 0.75 Mb.) - A little-known thing. Judging by the name of the processor firmware. Damage it turns the phone into a tablet without communication. What then firmware do not flash the phone wireless networks will not work. Solution: flash working dsp_bl. (Only MT65x3, MT65x5, MT65x7!)
nvram (~ 3.0 MB.) - stores iron calibrations, IMEI, BT and WIFI MAC addresses and more. Mount point / data / nvram.
seccnfg (~ 0,125Mb.) - an unknown thing, usually contains only the emptiness "FF FF ...".
uboot (~ 0.375 MB.) - operating system loader + drivers for initialization of the main equipment (display, processor, GPIO).
boot (~ 6.0 MB.) - kernel and operating system drivers (cameras, sensors, sensors). Mount Point.
recovery (~ 6.0 MB.) - mini-system (system in the kernel) whose function is only to backup / restore system applications, reset to factory settings. In advanced recovery, the functionality is of course much richer.
secstatic (~ 1.156 MB.) - sec_ro, what is needed is not clear, nothing happens when erasing on Android 2.2.1 and 2.3.5. On Android 2.2.2 (mostly at Fly-ying), this section takes up a good piece of ROM and it has Google services. Mount point / system / secro. File system yaffs2.
misc (~ 0.375 MB.) - Unknown thing, usually contains only the emptiness "FF FF ...".
logo (~ 3.0 MB.) - The first picture when turned on, the picture is charging. At 95% contains only the emptiness of "FF FF ...".
expdb (~ 0.65 MB.) - Unknown thing, usually contains only the emptiness "FF FF ...".
system (~ 160-210 MB.) - Android system section. Here everything that relates to the functioning of the device, from the "muzzle" to the supported functions of the operating system. Everything that changes here is not subject to restoration by factory reset. Mount point / system. File system yaffs2.
cache (~ 62.0 MB.) - section for the location of temporary files. Typically used by applications (Market, ROM Manager ...). With the loss of the contents of the section, the functioning of the system will not suffer. Incorrect content may cause a hang when loading the device. Fully erased at factory reset. Mount point / cache. File system yaffs2.
userdata (~ 220-290 MB.) - data, this is the section for installing calendar programs, telephone sets, profiles, settings for various programs and systems. When the contents of a section are lost, the system usually does not suffer. Incorrect content may cause a hang when loading the device. Fully erased at factory reset. Mount point / data. File system yaffs2.

If you have problems with your phone, do not rush to flash it. First, perform a full reset fromrecovery . How to do this depends on the version of your recovery.
If you were tinkering with RootExplorer or deleting system programs, then we only need to fixsystem and do a reset via recovery. There is no need to sew anything else. From this "more factory device will not." From inept actions he can become more brick.
* 99% of problems come down to the fact that users install third-partylauncher and then delete the system launcher (as not needed). As a result, after a reset:
"Aw, after the reset, black screen and everything! Nothing works."
"Guard, after reset, I click on the icon of the robot (Wisard or Installation Wizard), but nothing happens!"
In this case, the options are:
Send yourself an SMS with a link to download / install a launcher (if you have internet access).
To installupdate.zip via recovery containing launcher.
Flashsystem.img into the device.
Info taken from a friendly forum.china-iphone.ru author linerty from the "Creating a ROM dump and working with it (MT65xx, Android)". Perhaps she is a little worn out, correct, if something is wrong.

The file in which the device memory markup map is stored

- information intended for the automated introduction of certain changes in computer files. Applying a patch is sometimes called “patching.”
Patch or update eng.update is called, in particular, containing such information automated separately supplied software used to fix problems in the software or change its functionality.
The fix can be applied to an already installed program, or to its source codes. This includes fixing errors, changing the appearance, improving the ergonomics or performance of programs, as well as any other changes that the developer wished to make.
Patches size can vary from several kilobytes to hundreds of megabytes. In particular, very large patches can be when changing or replacing non-program data, such as files with graphics and sound (often found in computer games). However, a large size can be caused by the numerous changes made. At the same time, the words "patch", "patch" are usually used to designate small fixes, the largest patches, seriously changing or updating the program, are often called"Service pack" or "Software updates" . Wikipedia

Systems of .apk with them have "in the load" file with the same name and extension .odex. With their help, it is estimated that you can save any place. Deodexing means that you convert this .odex in .dex (the same file stored inside .apk) and put it back in .apk. This allows us to freely replace systemic applications without worrying about the workshops, but the main reason for deodexing was to do such an operation with the Services.jar file, so you can change the colors of all texts (for example, the color of the clock from white to black, etc.) And to deodexes. Services.jar, it is necessary to deodex all system .apk-shki. The craftsmen removed the .ODEX files from the firmware, speaking the information contained in them inside the APK files, thereby decreased the size of the firmware and the most important thing - now the APK files themselves can be changed as you like, it does not affect the operation of the system. This is called deodex. What is good - in a deodexted firmware you can easily open an APK file by archiver, change resources in it (pictures, etc.) and return the modified file to the place in the firmware. What is not very good - the process of operation of the system with such files slows down a bit, but it is not critical.

- The bootloader works like a Linux kernel: it can use an mboot-compatible bootloader (usually using patched syslinux), which supplies the boot-dfe .img file (for Linux users, it is known as a RAM disk or initrd), and the boot-dfe uses it to get kext / mkext files. (OSx86)

On our tablet in the folder system there is a file build.prop . This file contains information about the settings and firmware of the device, which are applied immediately after it is turned on.
If desired, you can edit this system file.
ro.build.display.id = XXXX. This line shows the name of the firmware build. You can see it in Settings-About phone-Build number . Value Xxxx You can change to your taste.
debug.sf.hw = x. This line is responsible for Hardware acceleration . It is needed to speed up the graphical interface. Value 1 it activates. Value 0 - deactivates.
wifi.supplicant_scan_interval = XXX . This line is responsible for the search interval. Wi-Fi networks. The default is 20 . The value is measured in seconds. Advised to save battery put value 200 .
dalvik.vm.heapsize = Xm . This line sets the value heapsize . VM Heap Tool - increase in the size of memory for applications. Experienced users say the value X better change to 32 .
dalvik.vm.execution-mode = int: XXX . This line is responsible for JIT . Value jit includes it, and the value fast turns off.
mot.proximity.delay = 150 . Increases the ability of the proximity sensor to respond. This line is not originally there, you need to write it yourself.
windowsmgr.max_events_per_sec = 60 . This parameter makes the interface more flexible and smooth. This line is not originally there, you need to write it yourself.
ro.product.model = XXXX Here instead XXX prescribed device model. It is useful for those who have some games refuse to start, due to the fact that the device does not fit. prescribe instead of your other model, for example, desire HD and the game starts ...
So, with the lines, it seems, sorted out. Now we need to learn how to edit them. If installedRoot explorer then open and go to the folder / system / . See below the file list below the folder list build.prop . Switch the top of the button R / W to R / O. Long tap on the file, opens the list of editing options. Choose Open in text editor (Open in Text Editor) . Well and then we edit.
But having an applicationbuild.prop Editor You can greatly simplify this process.
Use the programbuild.prop Editor very simple. After its launch, we see a list of parameters contained in the file. build.prop and can choose any of them to change its value. In addition, you can add new parameters to the file. In order for the changes to take effect, a system reboot is required.
Attention!Editing a filebuild.prop , you must clearly understand what this or that parameter means, otherwise you can seriously damage the performance of your phone!

- Linux users know that root access rights are usually known, and for Windows users, it is possible to log in to the system as an administrator. In short, root rights give us the opportunity to do with the system everything that pleases: delete, edit, add files, including system files.
The list of opportunities that open to the user of the Android system, which has root rights:
Unlimited control over the system.
The ability to replace system files with which you can:
Change themes
Replace standard applications such as calendar, clock, mail program, etc.
Replace the system loader and the Recovery image for the ability to save and restore the system and replace the firmware.
You can add and change system applications, for example, with the busybox program, which allows you to execute almost all linux commands, you can replace the existing toolbox, which has a very limited set of commands.
Change images and animations that are displayed at system startup.
Run applications that give you more control over the system, such as SuperUser, which allows you to grant root rights to various programs, the Root Explorer, the file manager, which allows you to see and work with all the files on your device, unlike the standard file manager, Programs that allow delete and change any applications, including system and many more programs that make life easier for the Android user.
Make a backup of your system, including the programs you added and data that you can restore at any time after resetting to factory settings or updating the firmware
Move installed applications from phone or tablet memory to a memory card.
Transfer temporary files of the Internet browser and cache of various applications to the memory card.
Manage your device using a computer via USB or WiFi connection.

Busybox essentially a set of console utilities Linux systems. Required, for example, to work app2sd or programs for overclocking or something like that that requires connecting third-party kernel modules. In most custom firmware it is already built. Read more here.

- further specification expansion USB 2.0 designed for easy connection of peripheral Usb devices each other without the need to connect to PC . For example, a digital camera can be connected directly to a photo printer if they both support the standard USB OTG . To models of PDAs and communicators that support USB OTG You can connect some USB devices. Usually these are flash drives, digital cameras, keyboards, mice and other devices that do not require additional drivers. This standard arose due to the sharply increased recently need for reliable connection of various devices without using a PC.
When connected viaUSB OTG device rank (master or slave) is determined by the presence of a jumper to Plug ID in the wire. Wikipedia

- This is a computer or laptop with any internet connection.
Why do you need it? For example, the situation: you have access to the network via DSL, wi-fi is not, GPRS is too expensive. What to do? That's right, to connect a smaller brother to an older brother, in order to calmly update applications and follow Twitter through an android device.
You and meBB needed to transfer files from computer to smartphone and vice versa, as well as to assign rights to files copied to the system folders of the smartphone. This is done most conveniently through Totalcommander with installed plugin adbplugin . Well and the most important thing, perhaps, is the ability to flash the smartphone system completely or in parts using a tool Flashtoo l.

- is a system recovery utility (menu) that allows you to make full backup copies of the entire system of the device, install firmware, mods and much more on it.
Details aboutClockworkMod Recovery

- advanced sensory recovery. Opportunities:
Graphic interface with full touch control.
Batch installation of patches (up to 10pcs in the queue).
Customizable backup / restore. You can choose which sections to backup / restore, whether you need to use compression and generate md5 sums, set your own backup names and delete unnecessary ones directly from recovery
Display time (time zone is configured separately), the battery charge.
Save recovery settings on the SD card.
Built-in Terminal Emulator.
The ability to connect both memory cards to the computer as USB-drives.
Built-in file manager with the ability to copy, move, delete, rename, change access rights.
Detailed log file.
Theme support.
The interface is streamlined.
Added the ability to create a backup IMEI partition.TWRP interface.

Test Point (eng.test points - key points) - points on electronic equipment giving access to the software in case of a software or hardware error. In particular, the test points located on the mobile phone board allow you to record any information in the boot area.
These points can be of different modifications, for example, a track on the board, a specific contact, or a set of contacts. Usually, in order to change the boot part of the phone, as well as to modify the capabilities of the phone, it is necessary to “cut” the test point (that is, to close or cut it).
Test points are used to disable the internal loader.(bootcore) mobile phones, which by default do not allow someone else's bootloader into their firmware. After completing the procedure for disabling the bootloader through test points, it becomes possible to unlock a mobile phone (removing SP lock ), flashing the phone with damaged software or flashing the phone with new software.
For accurate and quick access to the test points on the board, special connectors can be used, which are superimposed on the disassembled mobile phone and connect the phone to a computer or an independent unlocking device. In addition to connectors, special test point cables can also be used, which are wires with needles of a certain thickness at the ends.Wikipedia

For those who like to experiment, especially not very experienced, I would advise when replacing, for example, any.apk In the system folder, do not delete the old one, but simply rename it temporarily, so that in case of a rollback, do not look for the deleted one apk -shku and restore its rights. For example, I want to replace Settings.apk in folder system \ app on the modified. Getting in Rutexplorer om in the right folder, tap in the top right corner to switch Rw on RO , that is, set the folder permissions to change files, then I make a long tap on my native Settings.apk I choose Rename and add to the extension, for example, apk minus (-) or plus (+), it turns out Settings.apk- , the application icon immediately changes to indefinite. Then paste the copied previously modified apk and assign her rights, for example, 644 letter R in this case.
The option of assigning rights to the file:
If after rebooting and testing I didn’t like something, I delete the modified application and return the original name to my native one, removing the minus (-) from the extension. Rights toapk-shki after renaming, thank God, they have not changed, so without further gestures I reboot the system and live calmly until the next experiment. This is, of course, a "cook" method, but if you do not know how to use it. Adb then a good option to dig in the tummy of Android.

Copy to SD modified framework-res.apk . Backup old framework-res just in case in the backup folder. Then copy the new one. framework-res.apk to folder / system / and assign rights 644 letter R - rw-r - r-- . We can not copy the file directly to the folder framework since this is a critical file that is responsible for the interface, so we use an intermediary - a folder system . "Full" now file from folder / system / we copy in / system / framework with replacement. The device itself should reboot.